Education must not fail another generation by Obasanjo
By OLUSEGUN OBASANJO
MY life was utterly changed at the age of eight when I was sent to
school – a journey that saw me abroad for further and higher education.
This precious education meant I could return to my country and
support efforts to improve the lives of future generations and make
meaningful contribution to development process all over the continent of
Africa.
This was more than five decades ago. Today, as the publication this
week of UNESCO’s Education for All Global Monitoring Report shows, we
the world continue to fail our children.
The UNESCO report shows that one in five young people in developing
countries have never completed primary school. In Nigeria where I grew
up, we have more children out of school today than we had at
independence.
Chief Olusegun Obasanjo
Education is not merely a problem for the education ministries to
solve. In today’s global economy, failing to provide proper education
will undermine economic growth and reinforce social inequalities.
Africa has some of the world’s fastest growing economies, as we
highlight in our 2012 Africa Progress Report, and this pace looks set to
continue for the coming years. But oil and minerals alone will not
sustain this economic growth. And development indicators suggest the
growth figures are much less impressive than they initially seem.
Places like the Republic of Korea and other East Asian ‘tiger’
economies teach us that a meaningful and sustainable growth surge can
only be maintained by emphasizing the development of our youth with
skills and education.
At the Africa Progress Panel, we talk about a “twin crisis” in
Africa’s education. The numbers of children out of school may have
dropped significantly between 2000 and 2009 but Africa is still on track
to have 17 million children out of school in 2025, a decade after the
world’s 2015 target date for universal primary education.
Meanwhile, many African children are receiving an education of
abysmal quality. Far from equipping themselves for a globalized economy,
millions of Africans emerge from primary school lacking basic literacy
and numeracy skills.
They face the prospect of marginalization, poverty, and insecure unemployment. They easily fall into crime and squalor.
UNESCO’s Global Monitoring Report shows that investment in schoolchildren and students represents a sound financial opportunity.
If 75 per cent more 15-year-olds reached the most basic benchmark in
maths, then economic growth could improve by 2.1 per cent, and 104
million people could be lifted out of poverty. An African NGO, Camfed
(The Campaign for Female Education), supports poor girls from rural
areas with grants and training in business management, for example.
Young women’s businesses
More than nine in ten of the young women’s businesses are now making
profit as a result of the work of this NGO. Governments and their
partners must make it easier for more children to go to school, no
matter how disadvantaged they are – and to ensure they receive a better
quality education when they do.
As we make clear in this year’s Africa Progress Report, governments
should target those who have been left behind. A child’s education
should not depend on whether they are male or female, or on whether
their parents are rich or poor, urban or rural. Public spending should
target disadvantaged schools and regions. Financial transfers aimed at
keeping children in school – and young girls out of child labour or
early marriage – all have a role to play.
Second, we need to find more teachers and equip them to teach. Too
often, our children are being subjected to rote learning by teachers
lacking the skills to deliver effective instruction, and lacking the
support to improve their performance. And too often they are sitting in
classrooms lacking benches to sit and textbooks. This cannot be an
effective way of learning. Children are more discouraged than
encouraged to learn within the environment and quality of teachers
provided.
Third, we need to see more attention paid to the education crisis in
conflict countries, where conflicts that last a decade or more can set
back education by a generation. Fourth, donors must spent less time
talking about commitments and more time acting on those promises. We
need US$16bn a year just to keep the Education for All promise made in
2000 that by 2015 all children are able to complete their primary
education. To achieve universal lower secondary school enrollment would
cost a further US$8bn.
For those who have seen the school system fail them already, we need
‘second chance’ programmes to ensure young people have the skills they
need. There are encouraging signs here. In Malawi, where only half of
children manage to complete primary school, as many as 10,000 students
have taken part in such a scheme; half of those so far have either
completed the course or returned to primary school.
I was given my chance to succeed with the education received more
than sixty years ago. And for today’s small girls and boys we have to
take action now. By 2030 there will be three and a half times as many
young people in sub-Saharan Africa as there were in 1980. We cannot
afford to fail another generation.
